{"id":1280,"date":"2022-10-05T12:44:06","date_gmt":"2022-10-05T12:44:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adiccionvalencia.com\/?p=1280"},"modified":"2023-11-09T15:00:54","modified_gmt":"2023-11-09T15:00:54","slug":"por-que-nos-volvemos-adictos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forummontau.com\/valencia\/por-que-nos-volvemos-adictos\/","title":{"rendered":"Por qu\u00e9 nos volvemos adictos?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La adicci\u00f3n consiste, b\u00e1sicamente, en desear algo tan intensamente que no puedas evitar actuar en consecuencia, a menudo en detrimento de tu salud<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En primer lugar, la sustancia adictiva en cuesti\u00f3n cautiva a tu cerebro d\u00e1ndole placer y, m\u00e1s tarde, empieza a corromper tus impulsos normales, como la motivaci\u00f3n y el aprendizaje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eso es lo que hace que se vuelva un reto cortar con tu adicci\u00f3n, ya sean alcohol, tabaco, otras drogas o sexo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Profundicemos en c\u00f3mo funcionan las adicciones\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/strong>El sistema de recompensa de la dopamina<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Algunas de las principales drogas que causan adicci\u00f3n son los analg\u00e9sicos opioides (narc\u00f3ticos), la marihuana y la coca\u00edna. Cuando alguien consume drogas de forma habitual, su cerebro deja de realizar funciones normales y empieza a liberar m\u00e1s dopamina de lo habitual<\/strong>, modificando la qu\u00edmica del cerebro, y bloqueando finalmente la reabsorci\u00f3n de la dopamina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esto puede provocar una sensaci\u00f3n de euforia y felicidad durante un largo periodo, por lo que se convertir\u00e1 en \u201cla nueva normalidad\u201d de nuestro cerebro, y \u00e9ste nos pedir\u00e1 m\u00e1s y m\u00e1s de esa sensaci\u00f3n placentera. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estas sustancias, adem\u00e1s, producen tolerancia. La tolerancia a alguna sustancia se produce cuando, como resultado de su administraci\u00f3n continuada, el sujeto presenta menor sensibilidad a ella. As\u00ed, la dosis habitual de la sustancia produce menos efectos, con lo que se necesitan dosis m\u00e1s altas para producir los mismos efectos. As\u00ed, quedar\u00e1s enganchado a dosis cada vez mayores e insostenibles para lograr esos efectos que ahora tu cerebro ans\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No podr\u00e1s pensar en otra cosa, ni disfrutar de otras actividades. Se ha alterado el funcionamiento normal de tu cerebro y, ahora, todo lo dem\u00e1s te parece aburrido y mon\u00f3tono.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahora eres un adicto, y as\u00ed es como funciona el ciclo de la adicci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pero, \u00bflo que se encargaba de controlar el placer no era la dopamina? \u00bfTiene algo que ver la dopamina en todo esto? Pues s\u00ed, el sistema de recompensa de la dopamina desempe\u00f1a un papel importante<\/strong> en la sensaci\u00f3n de placer que se consigue tras consumir una droga, pilar fundamental de la trampa que supone el ciclo de la adicci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La dopamina es un neurotransmisor<\/strong>, y aumenta la respuesta del cerebro cuando se expone a un est\u00edmulo gratificante. As\u00ed, las estructuras conectadas al sistema de recompensa est\u00e1n presentes a lo largo de las v\u00edas de la dopamina en el cerebro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e1sicamente, lo que ocurre es que las neuronas que componen el sistema de recompensa se comunican a trav\u00e9s de la dopamina en diferentes regiones del cerebro<\/strong>. El \u00e1rea productora de dopamina, la VTA, se comunica a su vez con otra zona, el n\u00facleo <\/strong>accumbens<\/strong><\/em>. El n\u00facleo accumbens<\/em>, a su vez, conecta con otra zona, el estriado ventral, y tiene una fuerte conexi\u00f3n con la recompensa y la motivaci\u00f3n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pero, por qu\u00e9 existe este sistema, si nos hace tan vulnerables a algunas sustancias. Es un sistema esencial<\/strong>. Las funciones principales<\/strong> del sistema de recompensa de la dopamina son producir un aprendizaje <\/strong>e inducir al comportamiento de aproximaci\u00f3n<\/strong> al provocar emociones con valor positivo Es el sistema que nos recompensa ante la motivaci\u00f3n, el aprendizaje y otros est\u00edmulos placenteros.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La adicci\u00f3n consiste, b\u00e1sicamente, en desear algo tan intensamente que no puedas evitar actuar en consecuencia, a menudo en detrimento de tu salud. En primer lugar, la sustancia adictiva en cuesti\u00f3n cautiva a tu cerebro d\u00e1ndole placer y, m\u00e1s tarde, empieza a corromper tus impulsos normales, como la motivaci\u00f3n y el aprendizaje. Eso es lo que hace […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3208,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,31,7],"tags":[13,20,8],"class_list":["post-1280","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-adicciones","category-dopamina","category-tratamientos","tag-centro-adicciones-valencia","tag-centro-tratamiento-adicciones","tag-forum-valencia","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"\nPor qu\u00e9 nos volvemos adictos? 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